![]() The browser may need to save all sorts of data locally, such as cookies. Used to parse and execute JavaScript code. Underneath it uses operating system user interface methods. This backend exposes a generic interface that is not platform specific. UI backend: used for drawing basic widgets like combo boxes and windows.Networking: for network calls such as HTTP requests, using different implementations for different platform behind a platform-independent interface.For example if the requested content is HTML, the rendering engine parses HTML and CSS, and displays the parsed content on the screen. The rendering engine: responsible for displaying requested content.The browser engine: marshals actions between the UI and the rendering engine.Every part of the browser display except the window where you see the requested page. The user interface: this includes the address bar, back/forward button, bookmarking menu, etc.There are, of course, features unique to a specific browser like Firefox's downloads manager. Among those are the address bar, status bar and tool bar. The HTML5 specification doesn't define UI elements a browser must have, but lists some common elements. Strangely enough, the browser's user interface is not specified in any formal specification, it just comes from good practices shaped over years of experience and by browsers imitating each other. Home button that takes you to your home page.Refresh and stop buttons for refreshing or stopping the loading of current documents.Among the common user interface elements are: Today most of the browsers more or less conform to the specifications.īrowser user interfaces have a lot in common with each other. That caused serious compatibility issues for web authors. For years browsers conformed to only a part of the specifications and developed their own extensions. These specifications are maintained by the W3C (World Wide Web Consortium) organization, which is the standards organization for the web. The way the browser interprets and displays HTML files is specified in the HTML and CSS specifications. The location of the resource is specified by the user using a URI (Uniform Resource Identifier). The resource is usually an HTML document, but may also be a PDF, image, or some other type of content. The main function of a browser is to present the web resource you choose, by requesting it from the server and displaying it in the browser window. On mobile, Android Browser, iPhone and Chrome constitute around 54% of usage. According to StatCounter statistics (as of June 2013) Chrome, Firefox and Safari make up around 71% of global desktop browser usage. I will give examples from the open source browsers Firefox and Chrome, and Safari (which is partly open source). On mobile, the main browsers are Android Browser, iPhone, Opera Mini and Opera Mobile, UC Browser, the Nokia S40/S60 browsers and Chrome, all of which, except for the Opera browsers, are based on WebKit. There are five major browsers used on desktop today: Chrome, Internet Explorer, Firefox, Safari and Opera. We will see what happens when you type in the address bar until you see the Google page on the browser screen. In this primer, I will explain how they work behind the scenes. Web browsers are the most widely used software. Paul Irish, Chrome Developer Relations Introduction # While this is a rather lengthy document, we recommend you spend some time digging in we guarantee you'll be glad you did. Tali published her research on her site, but we knew it deserved a larger audience, so we've cleaned it up and republished it here.Īs a web developer, learning the internals of browser operations helps you make better decisions and know the justifications behind development best practices. Well, what's inside are millions of C++ lines… In the years of IE 90% dominance there was nothing much to do but regard the browser as a "black box", but now, with open source browsers having more than half of the usage share, it's a good time to take a peek under the engine's hood and see what's inside a web browser. Over a few years, she reviewed all the published data about browser internals and spent a lot of time reading web browser source code. This comprehensive primer on the internal operations of WebKit and Gecko is the result of much research done by Israeli developer Tali Garsiel. Applying the rules in the correct cascade order.Manipulating the rules for an easy match.Computing the style contexts using the rule tree.The render tree relation to the DOM tree.The order of processing scripts and style sheets.Formal definitions for vocabulary and syntax.
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